Tajikistan (The Republic of Tajikistan, RT) is a democratic republic in the southeast of Central Asia. The capital of the Republic is Dushanbe. The monetary unit is Somoni (1Somoni=100 Dihram), 1 US Dollar = 3.45 Somoni (2006). The state language is Tajik (as from 1989) . Russian is a language of interethnic dialogue.

The head of state is the president (Emomali Rahmon - the President of Republic of Tadjikistan), who is elected for 7 years and can not be reelected more than for two periods in succession. The President is also the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the RT Armed Forces. The supreme representative and legislative authority of the Republic is Majlisi Oli (the Parliament). The executive power in the Republic is vested in the Government. It abdicates as a new president is elected. The local state power is represented by representative (Majilis of People's Deputies) and executive authorities of provinces, municipalities and districts. The governing bodies in the rural areas are called "Jamoats".

The area of the country is 143.1 thousand sq. km. Tajikistan shares borders with the Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, People's Republic of China and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Republic of Tajikistan consists of 3 provinces, 45 districts (including 8 districts of republican subordination), and 19 municipalities. The largest cities of the Republic are Dushanbe, Leninabad, Kurgan Tyube, Kulyab.

The population is about 7 million people. The country is inhabited by more than 80 nationalities, including Tajiks (62 %), Uzbeks (24 %), Russians (about 3 %), Tatars, Kyrghyz people, and other nationalities. 

The country generates about 16.7 billion kWh of electricity (2005) mainly at hydroelectric power plants. The key industries include: nonferrous metallurgy, light and food industries. The main branches of farming include: cotton growing, silk farming, fruit growing and viniculture; in mountain areas - grain agriculture and livestock farming.

In September 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Republic adopted the Declaration of Independence and approved the name – the Republic of Tajikistan.